The Paris Agreement and India: What You Need to Know for UPSC
The Paris Agreement is a historic international accord aimed at combatting climate change. It was adopted at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015 and has been ratified by 189 countries as of July 2021. India is one of these countries, and its participation in the Paris Agreement is an important factor to consider for UPSC aspirants.
Here are some key points that you should know about the Paris Agreement and India:
1. India`s INDCs
The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) are pledges made by countries to curb their carbon emissions and fight climate change. India`s INDCs include reducing its carbon intensity (emissions per unit of GDP) by 33-35% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels, achieving 40% of its power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030, and creating additional carbon sinks through afforestation.
2. India`s Paris Agreement commitments
India ratified the Paris Agreement on October 2, 2016, and is committed to implementing its provisions. This includes taking measures to limit its greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and providing climate finance and technology transfer to developing countries.
3. India`s role in COP26
The 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) of the UNFCCC is set to take place in November 2021 in Glasgow, UK. India will be among the participating countries, and its presence will be crucial in shaping the global response to climate change. India can play a significant role in advocating for the interests of developing countries, particularly in terms of climate finance and technology transfer.
4. India`s renewable energy progress
India has made significant strides in increasing its renewable energy capacity in recent years. As of 2021, about 38% of India`s installed power capacity is from renewable energy sources. However, there is still a long way to go, and India needs to accelerate its transition away from fossil fuels to meet its Paris Agreement commitments.
5. Challenges facing India
India faces several challenges in implementing its Paris Agreement commitments. These include limited financial resources, technological constraints, and societal and cultural barriers. Addressing these challenges will require a concerted effort by the government, private sector, and civil society.
In conclusion, the Paris Agreement is a critical global initiative aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change. India`s role in the implementation of the agreement is significant, and UPSC aspirants should be aware of India`s commitments and challenges in this regard. By understanding the nuances of the Paris Agreement and India`s role in it, aspirants can better prepare themselves for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.